What motivates individuals involved in money muling, and who is most at risk for becoming a money mule?

Background

Understanding the drivers and pathways into criminal activity, as well as the perceptions,
motivations and decision-making of criminals is essential to formulating the necessary
prevention and enforcement strategies. It is also important to understand how different types
of criminality intersect and enable each other as part of understanding the wider criminal
ecosystem. This can help to determine how disrupting one form of offending behaviour can
impact other forms of criminality. Below sets out the key gaps in our understanding of
offender pathways and behaviours