What do we know about the changing characteristics of the offender population in Scotland, focusing on the characteristics of those convicted of a crime according to age, sex, and the types of offences committed over the life-course? More specifically, what do we know about changes in the prevalence and frequency of conviction, including patterns of violent crime (both sexual and non-sexual), and the demographic profile of those involved?

Background

The Scottish Government’s Vision for Justice aims to support rehabilitation, use custody only where there is no alternative and work to reduce reoffending and revictimisation. It also aims to establish an effective, modern person-centred and trauma-informed approach to justice in which everyone can have trust, including as victims, those accused of crimes and as individuals in civil disputes. As such, Justice Analytical Services have identified the theme of ‘Sentencing Prisons & Rehabilitation’ as a research priority. Robust research on offenders, their rehabilitation and sentencing patterns will inform work towards these aims.

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This question was published as part of the set of ARIs in this document:

Justice analytical services areas research interest

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Related UKRI funded projects


  • ADR UK Data First Evaluation Fellowship

    Until recently, the large amounts of administrative data routinely collected about offenders as they are moved through the Criminal Justice System have been inaccessible to research. Instead, our understanding has largel...

    Funded by: ESRC

    Lead research organisation: University of Surrey

    Why might this be relevant?

    The project focuses on analyzing offenders' characteristics, patterns of conviction, and the impact of interventions, aligning with the question's scope.

  • Understanding Offender Rehabilitation and Supervision

    Offender rehabilitation in England and Wales is in crisis. 57% of adults released from short custodial sentences re-offend within just 1 year of their release. Lack of rehabilitation is a key driver of record-high prison...

    Funded by: ESRC

    Lead research organisation: University of Strathclyde

    Why might this be relevant?

    Partially relevant as it focuses on offender rehabilitation in England and Wales, not specifically on changing characteristics of the offender population in Scotland.

  • Lives Sentenced: The Punishment Careers of Persistent Offenders

    There has been little research examining how those who are punished by the criminal justice system experience and give meaning to their sentences. Research that does exist has largely focused on one single sentence. Howe...

    Funded by: ESRC

    Lead research organisation: University of Glasgow

    Why might this be relevant?

    The project explores the meaning of sentences for persistent offenders, partially addressing the question's focus on offender characteristics and patterns of conviction.

  • Regulating Justice: The Dynamics of Compliance and Breach in Criminal Justice Social Work in Scotland

    Not only does Scotland imprison more people than most European countries, but our prison numbers are also rising despite a fall in crime levels. The Scottish Government is attempting to reduce imprisonment through increa...

    Funded by: ESRC

    Lead research organisation: University of Strathclyde

    Why might this be relevant?

    The project investigates compliance and breach in criminal justice social work, partially relevant to understanding patterns of conviction and offender characteristics.

  • Optimising the risk assessment of violent recidivism: a retrospective cohort investigation

    In England and Wales, it is currently estimated that one in four individuals convicted of a serious violent offence will reoffend within two-years. In the Criminal Justice System (CJS), risk assessment tools are used ide...

    Funded by: ESRC

    Lead research organisation: King's College London

    Why might this be relevant?

    Partially relevant as it focuses on risk assessment of violent recidivism, but does not address the changing characteristics of the offender population in Scotland.

  • Plymouth Community Justice Court: A Case Study of Problem Solving Interventions, Reducing Re-offending and Public Confidence

    The criminal justice system has over many years introduced a range of initiatives designed to reduce crime and support offenders in their efforts to desist from crime. One recent initiative, originating in the U.S.A and ...

    Funded by: ESRC

    Lead research organisation: University of Plymouth

  • Imagining Possible Futures: Activating Lived Experience in Criminal Justice

    This Fellowship is urgent given the growing numbers of people cycling through systems of punishment. 10.74 million people are now imprisoned globally (Walmsley 2018). Reoffending rates are high in most Western countries ...

    Funded by: UKRI FLF

    Lead research organisation: University of Chester

  • Psychological changes expected and experienced by victims who communicate with offenders

    There is evidence that some victims of crime benefit from communication with offenders, at least some of the time, but little is known about how these benefits occur. Many have theorised about the mechanisms by which res...

    Funded by: ESRC

    Lead research organisation: University of Oxford

  • WOMEN OFFENDERS AND PROBLEM-SOLVING JUSTICE. A KNOWLEDGE EXCHANGE PROJECT WITH MAGISTRATES, COURT PROBATION STAFF AND COURT ADVISORS

    This project will apply the findings of an evaluation of Women's Community Services by Dr Polly Radcliffe and Gillian Hunter at ICPR. The aim of the project is to use our research findings to improve the sentencing of wo...

    Funded by: ESRC

    Lead research organisation: University of Kent

  • A multi-cultural comparative study into the influence national level variations have on desistance from crime

    NERC: Jessica Cleary: ES/P000681/1 Using qualitative interviews with participants involved in criminal justice interventions, collected in Québec (Canada) and Scotland prior to the exchange, this project will expl...

    Funded by: FIC

    Lead research organisation: University of Stirling