2.3a What works to encourage productive cities, including enhancing the evidence base on the linkages between urban transport and employment (opportunities for employment, differentiated impacts on vulnerable groups including women, girls and people living with disabilities), health care or education? How do formal and informal transportation systems interface and how does this affect productivity and social outcomes?  

Background

Research supports policy makers to adjust to the changing global economic environment, to deliver sustainable, inclusive growth that is resilient to a variety of shocks. Global changes in technology, trade and climate are re-shaping the pathways open to countries of all income levels to drive structural transformation and employment-rich growth, while increased debt levels are reducing policymakers’ room to manoeuvre.

Research and evidence are also needed to bring a suite of broader economic tools to spur the private sector and increase productivity through increased investment, trade, technological upgrading and improved human capital and infrastructure.

Next steps

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